Descriptive text:

The aim of descriptive text : to describe the characteristics of particular person, thing, or place.

Text Structure
- Identification : Identifies thing, person, place, phenomenon to be described
- Description : Gives the information of particular thing, person, or place being discussed or describes parts, qualities, or characteristics.

Grammatical Features :
- Who? What?
- Using lingking verb and simple present tense
- Epithet : adjective or adjective phrase
- Attributive (the)
- Use of attributive and identifying process

PAST TENSE

• The definition of simple past tense:

The simple past tense is used to talk about activities or situations

that began and ended in the past.

• Frequency adverbs:

» Last year

» yesterday

» a moment ago

» some minutes ago

» two day

» last month

» last week

» last day

» some hour ago, etc.

• Form of simple past tense:

Statement	Question
S + V2 + …. S + tobe (was/were) + …..	Did + S +V1
Negative	Short answer
S + didn’t + V1 + ….. S + wasn’t/weren’t	Yes, I did No, I didn’t

NARRATIVE TEXT

• the definition of narrative text:

A text which contains about story (fiction/non fiction/tales/folktales/

fables/myths/epic) and its plot consists of climax of the story (complication) then

followed by the resolution.

A narrative text is a text amuse, entertain and deal with actual or vicarious

experience in different ways. Narrative deal with problematic events which lead

to a crisis or turning point of some kind, which in turn finds a resolution.

• The generic sctucture of a narrative text:

♦ Orientation

Sets the scene and introduces the participants.

♦ Complication

A crisis arises

♦ Resolution

The crisis is resolved, for the better or for worse.

♦ Re-orientation

Optinal

♦ Evaluation

A stepping back to evaluate the plight.

RECOUNT TEXT

Recount text is a text is used to retell events for the purpose of informing

or entertaining.

The text is biographical recount text, the focus is on a sequence of event all

Of which related to a particular person.

• When writing recounts, we should:

1. Focus on individual people
2. Use words which indicate when
3. Where to events took place
4. Write in the past tense
5. Use action words

Purpose (s) of the recount text are:

» to retell what happened

» to tell a series of events

» to entertain or to amuse the readers

Scructure of recount text:

♦ Orientation

The recount generally begins on orientation it gives the readers the background information needed to understand the text.

And orientation telling the readers about:

1. Who has involved
2. When it happened
3. Where it happened

♦ Events

Then the recount unfolds with a series of events (ordered in a chronological sequence).

♦ Re-orientation

At various stages there many be same personal comment on the incident. We call it re-orientation.

Language features:

» Use of simple past tense

» Use of personal pronoun (I, we)

» Use of temporal conjuctions (when , after, before, next, later, then)

GIVING INSTRUCTION

• The definition of giving instruction:

Giving instruction is competence for to do command or request from

one people to other people or an expression that is used in order that

order person does what we instruct or request.

• Giving instruction divisible consist instruct that is:

♣ Request (order)

♣ Instruction / Prohibition

The difference between request and instructions:

→ Request

Request are often question, though indirect request may not be.

Sometimes an instruction is changed into a request by the addition

of “please” or a question tag. To make a request more polite we might

use the subjunctive form of the verb. Very often English request are

indirect. Instead of asking someone to do something, the speaker ask

if the person is able to do it. Therefore modals of ability (“can”,

“may”, etc) are very often used.

→ Request/ Order (Verb 1 + Object):

¤ Silent, please ~ (be)

¤ Read this book 1. Be quiet

¤ Speak loudly, please 2. Be careful

¤ Close the door, please 3. Be on time

→ Instructions ( also called imperatives)

Instructions require the person receiving them to do something,

or to stop doing it.

Instructions are directly addressed to the person who has to do them.

Therefore, instructions are one of the few types of English sentences

that do not need a subject.

The subject is usually “you” (understood).

If there is any doubt who should do the instruction, the “naming” form

-the vocative is used.

→ Prohibition ( Don’t + V1 + Object ):

¤ Don’t go

¤ Don’t cry

¤ Don’t noisy

¤ Don’t be lazy

¤ Don’t come here

¤ Don’t cut this paper

¤ Don’t open the door

Let's make me a copy please?

Apaan yah artinya? Kata pak Erwan artinya mendikte... Wah aku kan yang dapet Presentasi ttg materi ini sama Fredy, yuk kita lihat gimana sih???

A. Description:

Often times students are not able to communicate clearly what they would like to say. It is the purpose of this lesson to help student understand the need to be articulate and precise when explain steps to another student. In addition the student listening will learn to be a more effective listener.

B. Goal:

Student will understand the need to be articulate when communicating.

C. Background Information:

This activity will teach students to explain what they see and guide another students in reproducing the drawing by what they are told.

appointment

Appointment, in government refers to the assignment of a person by an official to perform a duty, such as a presidential appointment of a judge to a court. This may also happen for an office which is normally elected, but has an unexpected vacancy. A person appointed but not yet in office is a design.

Making an Appointment
1.I’d like to make an appointment with Kristian
2.I want to make an appointment to see ....
3.I’d like you to come and see
4.Can I come and see you?
-I’ll be there
-What about ....(thank you)

Accepting an Appointment
1.All right, see you there
2.No problem, I’m free on ....(Thursday)
3.Be there on time
4.I’ll wait for you
5.It’s a deal

Canceling an Appointment
1.I’m terrible sorry I have to put off my appointment
2.I’m sorry, I’m very busy
3.I’m afraid I have to postpone my appointment with ....(Mr. Erwanto) tomorrow morning

Changing an Appointment
1.What about ....(Thursday at 04.00 p.m.)
2.Is that ok, if we meet at ....
3.Well, I must be off now. I’ll talk to you later!
4.Could we change the schedule of the meeting?
5.Do you have another time this afternoon