GIVING INSTRUCTION

• The definition of giving instruction:

Giving instruction is competence for to do command or request from

one people to other people or an expression that is used in order that

order person does what we instruct or request.

• Giving instruction divisible consist instruct that is:

♣ Request (order)

♣ Instruction / Prohibition

The difference between request and instructions:

→ Request

Request are often question, though indirect request may not be.

Sometimes an instruction is changed into a request by the addition

of “please” or a question tag. To make a request more polite we might

use the subjunctive form of the verb. Very often English request are

indirect. Instead of asking someone to do something, the speaker ask

if the person is able to do it. Therefore modals of ability (“can”,

“may”, etc) are very often used.

→ Request/ Order (Verb 1 + Object):

¤ Silent, please ~ (be)

¤ Read this book 1. Be quiet

¤ Speak loudly, please 2. Be careful

¤ Close the door, please 3. Be on time

→ Instructions ( also called imperatives)

Instructions require the person receiving them to do something,

or to stop doing it.

Instructions are directly addressed to the person who has to do them.

Therefore, instructions are one of the few types of English sentences

that do not need a subject.

The subject is usually “you” (understood).

If there is any doubt who should do the instruction, the “naming” form

-the vocative is used.

→ Prohibition ( Don’t + V1 + Object ):

¤ Don’t go

¤ Don’t cry

¤ Don’t noisy

¤ Don’t be lazy

¤ Don’t come here

¤ Don’t cut this paper

¤ Don’t open the door